Clarificação de valores: história e atualidade de um método de educação moral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2024.27.1.4Palavras-chave:
Clarificação de valores, educação do caráter, educação em valores, educação moral, valores moraisResumo
A clarificação de valores é uma abordagem da pedagogia moral que teve grande destaque nos Estados Unidos durante parte da segunda metade do século 20. Surgiu em meio à crise da educação do caráter e em um contexto em que o país saía da Segunda Guerra Mundial e ingressava em um período de grande prosperidade. Constituiu-se como uma reação ao dogmatismo moralizador predominante na primeira metade do século, buscando promover a conexão dos estudantes com seus valores de forma pessoal. Este artigo apresenta o contexto histórico de seu surgimento, sua popularização, seu súbito declínio nas escolas estadunidenses e sua transformação no século 21. Além disso, analisam-se seus fundamentos filosóficos, antropológicos e pedagógicos em autores como Rousseau, Dewey e Rogers, bem como sua busca pela neutralidade moral -- aspecto que, em parte, explica seu fracasso. Conclui-se com uma análise crítica de elementos que contribuem para a compreensão das potencialidades e fragilidades do modelo, além de reflexões no campo da educação ética.
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